

{"id":17851,"date":"2024-08-08T12:29:48","date_gmt":"2024-08-08T02:29:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/srcentre.com.au\/?page_id=17851"},"modified":"2026-01-16T11:38:18","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T00:38:18","slug":"methodology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/srcentre.com.au\/kar\/methodology\/","title":{"rendered":"Methodology"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"17851\" class=\"elementor elementor-17851\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c961a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c961a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e41ca9\" data-id=\"5e41ca9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc277fa elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cc277fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/srcentre.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/LinA-logo_PRIMARY_client-facing_RGB.svg\" title=\"LinA logo_PRIMARY_client facing_RGB\" alt=\"LinA logo_PRIMARY_client facing_RGB\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3028b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a3028b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6013ac0e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6013ac0e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10123ba7\" data-id=\"10123ba7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fa9a70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10fa9a70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-primary ); font-family: inherit; font-size: 2.5rem;\">Life in Australia\u2122 methods<\/span><\/h1><p>Summary documentation<\/p><p>December 2025<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa4528a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa4528a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Introduction<\/h2><div>\u00a0<\/div><p>Established in November 2016, Life in Australia\u2122 is Australia\u2019s first and only national probability-based online panel. The panel is the most methodologically rigorous online panel in Australia and is one of only a small number of probability-based online panels worldwide. Members of Life in Australia\u2122 are randomly recruited via traditional, high coverage sampling frames such as random digit dialling (RDD) or residential addresses and agree to provide their contact details to take part in surveys on a regular basis. Unlike other research panels, Life in Australia\u2122 includes people with and without internet access, surveying offline panellists via telephone. <a href=\"https:\/\/csrm.cass.anu.edu.au\/research\/publications\/results-2022-australian-comparative-study-survey-methods-acssm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research conducted by the Social Research Centre<\/a> shows Life in Australia\u2122 produces survey estimates of comparable accuracy to other major approaches for conducting probability surveys and superior to estimates derived from opt-in online panels, the most frequently used method of undertaking surveys. Life in Australia\u2122 hosts surveys every two weeks and comprises around 10,000 adults aged 18 years and over from across Australia. A comprehensive documentation of methods used by Life in Australia\u2122 can be found <a href=\"https:\/\/srcentre.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Life-in-Australia-methodology-20251218.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">here<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1e8fec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d1e8fec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Sample design<\/h2>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<h3><b>Recruitment to Life in Australia\u2122<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>The target population for Life in Australia\u2122 is adults aged 18+ years resident in Australia. Life in Australia\u2122 panellists have been recruited using a variety of probability sampling frames and survey modes. These have included random digit dialling (RDD) with computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) in 2016 and 2018, address-based sampling with push-to-web where the primary mode of contact was mail together with supplementary use of CATI in 2019\u20122021, SMS push-to-web where the sole mode of contact is text message using mobile RDD sample in 2021 and 2023\u20122025, and interactive voice response (i.e. pre-recorded voice call) using mobile RDD sample in 2020 only.<\/p>\n<h3><b><br>Sample selection for surveys<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>Our standard approach in sample selection for general population surveys selects stratified random samples of Life in Australia\u2122 panellists defined by age (18\u201334, 35\u201344, 45\u201354, 55\u201364, 65+), gender, education (less than a bachelor\u2019s degree, bachelor\u2019s degree or above) and speaking a language other than English at home. To come as close as possible to population norms on these variables, target numbers of completed surveys by stratum are set based on population proportions. Once stratum targets have been assigned, individual respondents are selected using a procedure designed to control burden across panel members.<\/p>\n<p>A variety of approaches are used for sample selection for special populations based on the target population and client needs. Examples of surveys of special populations that have been fielded on Life in Australia\u2122 include: state or territory specific samples, samples focusing on a particular demographic (e.g. people who were recorded female at birth), and longitudinal samples.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b8594b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1b8594b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Field methods<\/h2><div>\u00a0<\/div><h3><b>Frequency and timing of waves<\/b><\/h3><p class=\"Body\">Typically, 2 Life in Australia\u2122 waves are fielded per month, except for the second half of December and first half of January, where waves are not fielded due to the Christmas \/ summer holidays. Life in Australia\u2122 is in field for 2 weeks. Waves are usually released to field on a Monday afternoon and closed out two Mondays later.<\/p><h3><b><br \/>Surveys per wave<\/b><\/h3><p>Waves may include multiple, independent surveys on behalf of different clients to different samples of panellists. Sample selected for surveys in a wave may overlap, although we use a burden control technique to ensure that invitations are spread as evenly as possible.<\/p><h3><b><br \/>Omnibus surveys<\/b><\/h3><div><p class=\"Body\">Life in Australia\u2122 occasionally runs brief so-called \u2018omnibus\u2019 surveys at the end of a primary survey. The introduction to the omnibus module clearly identifies the client for each question.<\/p><\/div><h3><b><br \/>Contact methodology<\/b><\/h3><div><p>The standard contact methodology adopted for online Life in Australia\u2122 members is an initial survey invitation via email and SMS, followed by multiple email reminders and a reminder SMS. Up to 5 reminders in different modes (including email, SMS, and telephone) are administered within the fieldwork period. Telephone non-response of online panel members who have not yet competed the survey commences in the second week of fieldwork and consists of reminder calls encouraging completion of the online survey. Offline members with a valid mobile telephone number are also sent a short SMS invitation that contained a link to the survey as well as the reminder SMS halfway through fieldwork. We may deviate from this protocol in cases where the number of completed surveys midway through fieldwork appears likely to come over or under the budgeted amount.<\/p><\/div><h3><b><br \/>Language of interview<\/b><\/h3><div><p>Interviewing is conducted in English only.<\/p><\/div><h3><b><br \/>Incentives<\/b><\/h3><p>All members are offered an incentive to complete the survey. The incentives offered for completing the survey have a value of $10 for surveys up to 20 minutes in length and are incremented by $5 for every 5 minutes beyond that. Incentive options include Coles \/ Myer gift cards (offline panellists only), points redeemable as an electronic gift card, and charitable donations to a designated charity out of five selected charities offered. Panellists can also choose to opt out of receiving an incentive.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-765fe42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"765fe42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Response outcomes<\/h2><div>\u00a0<\/div><p><a name=\"_Toc18396284\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc527965400\"><\/a>The Social Research Centre uses standard industry definitions for calculating outcome rates. The completion rate (COMR) represents completed interviews as a proportion of all Life in Australia\u2122 members invited to participate in each survey. The overall completion rate for a full panel survey is approximately 75% to 80%, resulting in a possible final sample size up to\u00a08,000 (assuming all panel members are invited). We also report the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/poq\/nfn065\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cumulative response rate<\/a>, which takes into account non-response to the invitation to join Life in Australia\u2122, complete the panel profile, and attrition from the panel. Including all these points at which non-response can occur, cumulative response rates are around 4.5% as of August 2024.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ef0168 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ef0168\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Panel profile<\/h2><div>\u00a0<\/div><p class=\"Body\">Life in Australia\u2122 collects extensive information on panellists as part of the recruitment profile survey. In addition, we refresh profile information about once a year.<\/p><h3><b><br \/>Standard data file inclusions<\/b><\/h3><p>The following panel variables are included as standard with full length surveys:<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>State\/territory of residence<\/li><li>Resident in capital city or rest of state (Greater Capital City Statistical Areas)<\/li><li>State\/territory of residence \u00d7 capital city or rest of state<\/li><li>Socio-economic indexes for areas (Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage, national quintiles)<\/li><li>Gender<\/li><li>Age group (18\u201224, 25\u201234, 35\u201244, 45\u201254, 55\u201264, 65\u201274, 75+)<\/li><li>Country of birth group (Australia, main English-speaking countries [Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, UK, USA], non-English-speaking countries [other countries])<\/li><li>Citizenship status<\/li><li>Uses a language other than English at home<\/li><li>Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander status<\/li><li>Family household composition<\/li><li>Highest level of education attained<\/li><\/ul><div>\u00a0<\/div><h3><b>Additional profile items<\/b><\/h3><div><p class=\"Body\">Other data captured in the profile includes a number of other questions that can be added to Life in Australia\u2122 datasets at a reasonable cost.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d8c5a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d8c5a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Data processing and outputs<\/h2><div>\u00a0<\/div><h3><b>Data quality checks for online completes<\/b><\/h3><p>Data quality checks for online completes consist of checks for the following, where the specific checks made will depend on questionnaire content:<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Logic checks<\/li><li>Proportion of \u2018don\u2019t know\u2019 and \u2018refused\u2019 responses<\/li><li>Speeding<\/li><li>Straightlining<\/li><li>Verbatim responses to open-ended questions<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>We consider all these indicators when determining whether a respondent is removed for poor data quality. Data quality indicators other than verbatim responses are used to identify potentially problematic cases. Generally, verbatim responses are decisive, with those indicating thoughtful engagement with the survey being kept and others being removed (e.g. nonsense responses like \u2018asdfgh,\u2019 <em>non sequiturs<\/em>, profanities).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Data quality is tracked for panel members over time and those with repeated issues are retired from the panel.<\/p><p>After these checks, cases are removed due to poor data quality and are not counted toward the completion rate.<\/p><h3>\u00a0<\/h3><h3><b>Weighting<\/b><\/h3><p>Life in Australia\u2122 weights are created in four steps:<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ol><li><span style=\"text-indent: -18pt; background-color: transparent;\">Panel weights. Weights are created for the probability of selection into the panel and retention in the panel (the latter for existing panellists only) using a model-based approach.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-indent: -18pt; background-color: transparent;\">Probability of selection weights. Weights adjust for the likelihood of selection from the panel to be invited to a specific survey.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-indent: -18pt; background-color: transparent;\">Response propensity weights. For the sample invited to complete a specific survey, response propensity weights are created. A logistic regression model is used to predict the likelihood of each panel member completing the specific survey, conditional on characteristics available for both respondents and non-respondents. The model incorporates a wide range of demographic, attitudinal, and behavioural characteristics collected from all panel members. Weights are calculated for propensity classes.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-indent: -18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-indent: -18pt; background-color: transparent;\">Post-stratification weights. The weights are then adjusted to population benchmarks. For general population surveys, in most cases a \u2018streamlined\u2019 approach is used, which calibrates the sample to number of adults in the household, age by highest educational attainment, gender, use of a language other than English at home, region (capital city, rest of state), and state or territory.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-251b857 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"251b857\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Accreditation<\/h2><div>\u00a0<\/div><p>All aspects of research conducted by the Social Research Centre are undertaken in accordance with ISO 20252:2019 Market, Opinion and Social Research Standard, the Research Society (formerly AMSRS) Code of Professional Behaviour, the Australian Privacy Principles, and the <em>Privacy (Market and Social Research) Code 2021<\/em>.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The Social Research Centre is an accredited Company Partner of The Research Society with all senior staff as full members and several senior staff QPR accredited. The Social Research Centre is also a member of the Australian Data and Insights Association and bound by the <em>Privacy (Market and Social Research) Code 2021<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dca50f8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dca50f8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d613963\" data-id=\"d613963\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f31433 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0f31433\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Life in Australia\u2122 methods Summary documentation December 2025 Introduction \u00a0 Established in November 2016, Life in Australia\u2122 is Australia\u2019s first and only national probability-based online panel. The panel is the most methodologically rigorous online panel in Australia and is one of only a small number of probability-based online panels worldwide. Members of Life in Australia\u2122 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17851","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Methodology - Social Research Centre<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/srcentre.com.au\/kar\/methodology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Methodology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Life in Australia\u2122 methods Summary documentation December 2025 Introduction \u00a0 Established in November 2016, Life in Australia\u2122 is Australia\u2019s first and only national probability-based online panel. The panel is the most methodologically rigorous online panel in Australia and is one of only a small number of probability-based online panels worldwide. 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The panel is the most methodologically rigorous online panel in Australia and is one of only a small number of probability-based online panels worldwide. 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